Horned lizards are bizarre, spiny, ant-eating lizards unlike any other lizards in North America. The reason why I decided to research on this unique animal is because of Animal Planet's "Weird Creatures". Horned Lizards were the topic of the show and the talking point was about their defence mechanisms. I found them pretty amazing so I'd like to share about them.
There're many different species of Horned Lizards living all over Texas. The Regal Horned Lizard, the Texas Horned Lizard and the Desert Horned Lizard are some of the 14 species currently recognized. However, we would only be using the Texas Horned Lizard for today's research.
Texas Horned LizardThe Texas Horned Lizard has 3 different defence mechanisms. The first, being camouflage. As you know, the land in Texas consists mostly of sand and rocks. The Texas Horned Lizard is designed in such a special way that from far, it looks like a dead leaf. You can see the line in the center of it's body and the markings on either side gives predators the idea of a leaf. It can also puff its body such that it looks like a rock.

There you go, it puffs itself up upon sensing danger.
Which bring us to the second defence mechanism, it's numerous sharp spines. When it feels threatened, it fills it's body with air and blows itself up such that the spines on it's body are erect. It also has a crown of thorns above its head which makes the predator think twice about attacking it.
Crown of thornsThe third defence mechanism is the most mind-blowing technique any animal can ever have. Only used as a last resort to scare predators away, the Horned Lizard squirts blood from its eye and onto the predator's face. Hell, that would be enough to scare any predator away. The hosts of the show were trying to find out where did the blood come from and how the lizard forces it out of its eye.
Swelled eyelid, blood inside.
Using high-speed cameras and a dog to provoke the lizard, the crew tried to agitate the lizard such that it would squirt blood out of its eye. They kinda suceeded and after replays from the high-speed camera slowing down the whole process of the lizard squirting blood from its eye, the hypothesis formed was that when the lizard was in distress, blood was being pumped into its head. Then, excess blood was collected under its eyelids causing it to swell. Finally after too much blood is being stored, it squirts out under pressure at the predator's face. Cool huh.
